Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf’s Christian Tone           Beowulf is an epic about an overwhelming legend, who becomes pioneer of his kin. The general tone of Beowulf is overwhelmingly Christian, "owing to a dream of malevolence on the planet, a confidence in the intensity of Fate to manage human predetermination, and acquiescence to the sureness of death." Parallelism among destiny and provision, steady doing combating among great and fiendish, and the excellencies of thought of others, control, and unselfishness all help this general Christian tone.           "Beowulf is in excess of a contention including beasts, however it is a moral story portraying the consistent fight between the powers of Good and Evil." The Evil for this situation is Grendel. Grendel is depicted as God’s enemy, Satan. "Out from the bog, from the foot of hazy slopes and swamps, bearing God’s scorn, Grendel came, wanting to slaughter anybody he could trap on this excursion to high Herot." Grendel is reviled with each component dismissed by God. "He was brought forth in that sludge, brought about by a couple of those beasts destined to Cain, dangerous animals expelled by God, rebuffed perpetually for the wrongdoing of Abel’s death."           Beowulf is the hero in this epic. He is the preeminent Good. No man can coordinate his characteristics. "But in all actuality straightforward: no man swims in the ocean as I can, no quality is a counterpart for mine." Beowulf was the perfect warrior; everybody had confidence in him. "Hrothgar†¦ put stock in Beowulf’s striking quality and the immovability of his spirit." Beowulf was likewise extremely decided. "I will battle until he (Grendel) kicks the bucket or I’ll bite the dust trying." His principle reason in Beowulf was to pick up greatness and notoriety so as to separate himself. What's more, by doing so he ends up being a man of intelligence and honesty who has stayed the course and has vanquished the substandard shrewdness.           Another significant Christian guideline, which was stressed, was the steady parallelism among destiny and provision. There was a faith in wyrd, a confidence in the intensity of Fate to manage human fate adjusted by the intensity of God, who is at last in charge. "God must conclude who will be given to death’s cold grip." Your destiny was difficult to change. "Fate will loosen up as it must!" The eventual fate of an individual was ordained by their destiny. "Fate spares the living when they drive away demise by themselves!"           The temperances of thought for other people, balance, and unselfishness are likewise portrayed and acknowledged.

Vaccination: A Necessary Precaution Essay -- Health Medicine

Teacher Resume Examples, Template Tips

Teacher Resume Examples, Template Tips There’s a saying by an unknown author: “If people knew how to write their resumes, we wouldn’t need any resumes at all, because everybody would already be hired”.And there is so much truth in it! You are a master in your field, an ambitious individual eager on sharing your knowledge and dedicating yourself to your students.There is only one problem. You need an actual opportunity and teacher job in order to fulfill your ambitions.Theres no reason to keep having this problem because we bring you the ultimate guide on how to design and write an attractive CV that will definitely catch each HRs eye.You don’t have to go to expensive workshops or seminars in order to learn how to write your CV successfully, and especially you don’t have to hire anyone to do it for you. We’ll teach you how to do it, so you can get your dream job and teach others the same.In the following guide, we will answer all of your burning questions:How do I write a good resume, so I get selected for th e job?Which information should be displayed in my resume?What’s more important â€" design or the content?Should I write everything I know, and I have done, or there is a limit that I shouldn’t cross?How do I make sure that my CV is not a typical CV and that it stands out?It’s interesting how at University they teach you almost everything, except how to take next steps, get the job and actually make everything you’ve learned relevant.This led to a disturbing situation on the hiring market where there are more and more people relying on popular or “recommended” templates on the Internet when applying for a position.This might sound like a good idea, but think twice about that. If something is popular, theres a high chance that everybody knows about it and uses it in some way.By choosing this option, you are lowering your chances of getting a job in the first place, because there is a high probability that you will be one out of many people who will send the same resume wit h similar information and experience.Where would that get you?But we are sure you already know all of this, and that is the main reason you are here now.To create a perfect resume that will help you stand out and show why you are the best teacher they could ever hire.In order to help you with that, we’ll cover the following topics:Resume ideal table of contentsHow to successfully fill out every sectionHow to best represent yourself, no matter of previous experience, knowledge, and skillsHow to send the right message to a potential employerDesign that will make you stand outIf you were looking for a personal assistant to help you out in writing a resume, you have just found it!Well guide through each step of writing a perfect resume, follow up with an actual template and desired outcome you want to get and finally help you define your next actions and steps.Sit tight, prepare yourself to take notes and lets begin this journey of finding you a perfect teaching job!Teacher Resume Exa mple Right Teacher Resume Example for Dove Academy of Detroit Right Create your own resumeThese two resumes contain different information but have at least one thing in common. That’s simplicity. The number one rule when it comes to writing a perfect resume is to keep it simple.This way, a person who receives your CV will actually be able to recognize and acknowledge everything you have to offer, and won’t stay confused.Just by checking out this resumes, you have a good starting point for writing your own.Don’t worry, we won’t leave you here.On the contrary, let’s go further with the guide and get really into details by covering each section of the resume.Let’s go, your perfect resume is waiting to be written!GUIDE ON WRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTIONThis is the very beginning of the resume and section which main aim is to create a clear picture of you.This is the part in which HR’s get to know you and form their opinion based on a first impression.This is the information you need to include in this section:Your full name First and la st name â€" not necessary to include middle names and not allowed to write your nicknamesYour profession â€" write the exact name of the position you are applying for, if possibleA professional photo of you â€" your portrait, with a simple background and respectful and professional manner. Bear in mind that in some countries (for example in the USA) a picture is not necessary and could be a minus for you if you attach it without checking the needs first.Your contact number â€" if you have a phone that you use only for work, you can give them this one so you will always be alert and pick up the phone in a professional wayYour address â€" provide this information only if it required in the applicationYour e-mail address â€" give them an e-mail address that you check regularlyYour social media profile â€" Bear in mind that it is recommended only to provide a link to your profile on LinkedIn or similar professional websites. Avoid sharing private social media profiles.Here are some addi tional tips when it comes to formatting your personal information and making it visible and readable:Personal Infoj.nickleson@gmail.com linkedin.com/in /joanna-nickelson + 1 791-532-8448 RightPersonal Infoj.queen.crazy.nickelson@gmail.com linkedin.com/in/joanna-nickelson-831176/ 7915328448 WrongP.S. There is a program that provides you with the right format for your resume in no time! Check out our online resume builder!GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTIONIf somebody asked you to represent yourself in 5 sentences, this summary should be everything you have to say!Pay attention to this part as this will help the HR understand your profile and your ambition more.In this section include areas you have experience in (for example science teaching), as well as your main motivation for applying for the job.Lets compare two resumes, a bad one, and one well-written summary:SummaryI am an experienced teacher specialized in working with lower grades. My experience consists of 4 years teachin g in second grade and ensuring that each child and parent feel satisfied and proud at the end of the semester, and most importantly, ready and eager for future education. Patience, consistency, and creativity are my main traits, and love for children and educations is what keeps me improving consistently. Currently looking for a second-grade class, I could teach and help develop all the necessary skills. RightSummaryI have 4-year experience in teaching. Im looking for a change in my life, therefore I want to find a new job. WrongIf you were hiring, which person would you choose â€" the on the left or one on the right? Imagine how big a difference you can make if you take time to write down your summary. This is the first thing HR lays their eyes on, so its worth bringing it to excellence!If you are afraid that you dont have content for a summary part, fear no more, as previous work experience is not the only thing that builds a picture of you.You can use this section to highlight your academic and volunteering experience, some additional courses youve taken and main motives for being in the teaching industry and dedicating your career to educating the nation.Check this example:Summary of a young teacher looking for her first professional experienceFreshly graduated elementary education teacher looking for first professional teaching experience. In the past 4 years of academic studies, I’ve dedicated myself to becoming an expert in working with children and seized each opportunity to gain relevant experience by volunteering at schools and child cares. My biggest strength is the communication skills that help me connect with each child Im tutoring and therefore ensure quality education. RightIf you are not familiar with SEO marketing and term keywords, this might be a good time to research it. There are several programs HRs run CVs through that help identify keywords for the job opening.For example, it could be:PatientHard-workingCommunication skillsInstruc tional skillsCreativityAdaptability, etc.If you are applying for a special role for example, Arts teacher, make sure that you include arts as your keyword as well.Lastly, write down your ambitions! Focus on why you are looking for a job, and emphasize why you are applying for this specific teaching role in this specific teaching institution. It would be best if you said it indirectly, for example:SummaryI am looking for an opportunity in a work environment that sets the development of a   child’s potential as a top priority. RightSummaryI am applying to your school because I can see that you care about developing childrens potential. WrongTo ensure correctly written resume, use our resume builder and let HRs see the best version of you!GUIDE ON WRITING THE TEACHER EXPERIENCE SECTIONThe first thing to bear in mind is to ALWAYS start with the latest experience youve had and use reverse-chronological order: Right WrongMake sure that the data is organized, and HR is able to see what your experience consists of. The optimum information you should include is the time period, the role you had, and the educational institution youve worked in.This is the beginning. The main outcome of this section is for HR to understand what knowledge and skills you’ve gained through your experience, so it’s necessary to mention exact things you’ve done, as well your main achievements.Follow the instructions:Experience descriptionEducated 400 children in the past 3.5-year experienceEach child passed the final assessment with an average score of 8.60Chosen to be one of three teachers in the entire country to get additional childcare training at Bright Spaces teaching center RightExperience descriptionChildren educationOrganized exiting assessment for all childrenAdditional teaching training WrongOut of these examples, you can conclude the following principles:Be precise â€" write down concrete things you have doneAdd measurable information â€" don’t just enlist activities, but highlight the quantity as wellPut your main achievements â€" mention the success rate of the classes you’ve taught to and highlight extraordinary students you’ve helped developMention personal awards â€" if you have received any, don’t be shy to mention it â€" it’s well deservedLeave your personal mark â€" if there is something specific you have done, mention it here â€" let them understand what is your personal added value you will bring to the institutionThese are the main things you should have in mind when writing about your experience.If you have something you would add, don’t be afraid. And just to be sure that it’s not too much, use our resume builder for a perfect size and design CV every HR will love!GUIDE ON WRITING THE EDUCATION SECTION FOR YOUR TEACHER RESUMEThere are some clear rules that need to be followed in this section, as well. For the starters, always begin with the formal edu cation! It is good that you have all the additional courses and internships, but HRs are firstly checking your formal education, so make sure you get it correctly.Similar to the experience section, there are three main points you need to cover: the period of education, degree, and university youve attended. Lets compare two examples, so you get to see the difference: Right WrongIf you have finished multiple universities, you should mention that definitely. Just make sure that you mention the most recent one first! Similar to the experience section.After enlisting your formal education, it is highly advisable to mention:Additional training and courses you’ve attendedConferences and seminars that are relevant for your educationAny additional exams you have passed during your studiesResearches, essays, etc. that you have doneExtracurricular activities at the university that are relevant to your careerWhen you get all of this into your resume, you will definitely shine on your job application.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONWe really believe that you are highly skilled in many things, but you just can’t write them all on your paper. It is crucial that you are aware of the skills required for the position you are applying for, so you can mention each you have!This should be your starting point. From this point on, you can go and add some additional skills you find relevant.Another important thing to bear in mind is to write down the skills in the right format. What do we mean by right format:SkillsCommunication skills extraordinary speaking and writing skillsComputer literacy (advanced knowledge in Microsoft office)English language 5/5 (native)Spanish language 4/5 (advanced)Russian language 1/5 (beginner) RightSkillsCommunication skillsExcel, Word, PowerPointForeign languages (English, Spanish, Russian) WrongOut of these examples, we can conclude the following rules:Always be specific on what you know â€" it’s not enough to mention a skill, write down what exactly you knowMeasure how developed your skills are â€" you don’t know everything equally good which is fine and perfectly normal, just ensure that you mention how good you are at the skills you put in your resumeUse a clear system that will help HR determine what your biggest strengths are (see the example with foreign languages)It is always good that you use an a dequate design that will show just exactly how much your skills are developed. To not bother about this, place your information in our resume builder program and see how it does the work for you!FINAL TIPS TRICKSKeep your resume simple â€" stick with a simple design and unique font. To highlight the most important parts, use Bold or Italic options.To make it easier for reading and more eye-catching, use bullet points.Always send your resume in PDF format to avoid someone changing it our misusing it.Ensure that your CV PDF file is named after your name, surname, and position you are applying to. Please avoid sending files like CVCV.1.FINAL. It is unprofessional.Forget about having the same CV for different job positions. Some information wont change (like your education and personal information) but make sure that you adapt the experience, skills and most importantly â€" summary to the exact position you are applying to.Update your social media before sending the job application. En sure that your LinkedIn profile is updated with the latest and relevant information, and take care of your private profiles (remove anything that might cost you a job, because HRs have a tendency on checking private profiles as well).Dont wait for the last minute to send it â€" make sure that you are one of the first candidates to send their application and catch HRs eyes.Check mobile phone and e-mail youve enlisted in your application on a regular base in order not to miss a message from the institution.Before sending the final version of CV, ask somebody you trust (preferably somebody who was in a position to hire a teacher in the past) to check your CV and provide you with feedback. This could help you a lot!Make sure that your design is attractive, simple, and most importantly â€" supports your application. Ensure good format and design by using cleverism custom templates!FINAL THOUGHTSBelieve it or not â€" we have come to an end! If you take into consideration everything we hav e written above, we guarantee you that your CV will be the best one on the market and catch the eyes of each HR!We really hope that this was helpful and insightful. We have created this guide based on thorough research and many conversations we had with different teachers, HRs and educational institutions. If you follow it step by step, you will have your dream job in no time!To get the most advantage out of this, we advise you to check our templates and build your custom resume on our site! It is extremely easy â€" it will save your time and most importantly, nerves.You dont have to worry about getting the right format, check whether your CV is too long or too short, whether the colors are good or not â€" you have everything in one place. So go get it, so you can get your job!For any additional information, feel free to reach us. Best of luck and we can’t wait to see the impact you’ll make on children all over the country once you get your job! Create your own resume

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Relations Between The United States And The Soviet Union

Relations between the United States and the Soviet Union have always been complicated. Over the entire 20th century they have been close allies to bitter rivals. The stark differences in each of their political systems prevented the USA and the USSR from maintaining a close political friendship and understanding, and even to the very edge of war. The major differences between the two are their preferred styles of government, capitalism and communism. The major difference between the two is their view on economic production. In Communism, the central government controls all production and determines what goods the economy should produce, as well as the price of those goods. Meanwhile, Capitalism allows the market decide what goods should†¦show more content†¦Post World War II, Russia and the US were the two superpowers in the world and had major territorial disputes in Eastern Europe. In 1946, tensions between the US and Russia heightened with the start of the cold war. Both nations were the main driving forces on opposing ends. Both had claims to Eastern Europe after World War II, and a standoff would occur for the next 50 years. The US and the West thought that communism was inherently wrong, that it stripped citizens from basic human freedoms and that it prohibited economic growth and power. The Soviets believed t hat both world wars were a direct result of Capitalist Imperialism, and that capitalism promoted inequality especially financially. The apparent financial divide would further the rift between the rich and the poor, and promote social classes, which the Soviets completely opposed. Both the US and Russia had extensively used propaganda against each other and their political beliefs. The two superpowers vilified one another, while maintaining that each of their own ideas were superior and without flaw. During the cold war, both nations built up massive stockpiles of nuclear weapons to achieve nuclear supremacy over the other. Both the soviets and the US hoped to use nuclear weapons as leverage against each other by assuring Mutually Assured Destruction, or MAD. In the 1950s, both the Soviet Union and the United States had built up large enough stockpiles of nuclearShow MoreRelatedWorld War II : The Great People s War1529 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II (The Great People’s War) was of deep importance to the formation of today’s international relations system, however the following periods after this war between the greatest powers in the world are also of great significance. The analysis of those periods and their impact on world history will be the first approach of this assessment. It is important to clarify that these periods cannot be annualized as isolated events that happened in History, but related events that in a way or anotherRead More Causes Of The Cold War Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagescharacterized international relations and dominated the foreign policies of Europe. 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How Sports Influenced Me Free Essays

Fit For Life How Sports Influenced Me Winning athletes and top students share many of the same qualities. They are both hardworking, dedicated, and have the desire to be successful. But a student-athlete has all of these characteristics plus numerous others. We will write a custom essay sample on How Sports Influenced Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout high school, I played multiple sports and they each taught me something different, influenced my life, and helped shape me into the person I am today. A few things I learned include how important teamwork is and how critical it is to have a good work ethic. Playing high school level sports was an amazing experience, unmatched by any other. I will carry all the attributes I learned through my life. One of the most important things I learned as a high school athlete was how to work well with others. Teamwork creates a sense of unity within a group of people that leads to having a successful team. Playing a myriad of sports during high school made me understand that when a team works together, as one, they get the greatest results. Teamwork is also important in the classroom. I discovered that working side by side with my classmates not only allowed me to excel academically but I could also help my peers reach their greatest potential as well. The first thing athletes are taught is to always try their best, no matter what. If a team is down by 20 points, a dedicated athlete will give everything he/she has and never quit. If just one player quits, either mentally or physically, the rest of team gets dragged down too. Athletes are told to be players who always hold their heads high and never accept defeat. This is how I became a leader and developed an exceptional work ethic. These are both important qualities for any person to possess. After high school I will pursue a Master of Education degree with a focus on elementary education. I hope that when I become a teacher I am able to teach my students to live by the same virtues. How to cite How Sports Influenced Me, Essay examples How Sports Influenced Me Free Essays Fit For Life How Sports Influenced Me Winning athletes and top students share many of the same qualities. They are both hardworking, dedicated, and have the desire to be successful. But a student-athlete has all of these characteristics plus numerous others. We will write a custom essay sample on How Sports Influenced Me or any similar topic only for you Order Now Throughout high school, I played multiple sports and they each taught me something different, influenced my life, and helped shape me into the person I am today. A few things I learned include how important teamwork is and how critical it is to have a good work ethic. Playing high school level sports was an amazing experience, unmatched by any other. I will carry all the attributes I learned through my life. One of the most important things I learned as a high school athlete was how to work well with others. Teamwork creates a sense of unity within a group of people that leads to having a successful team. Playing a myriad of sports during high school made me understand that when a team works together, as one, they get the greatest results. Teamwork is also important in the classroom. I discovered that working side by side with my classmates not only allowed me to excel academically but I could also help my peers reach their greatest potential as well. The first thing athletes are taught is to always try their best, no matter what. If a team is down by 20 points, a dedicated athlete will give everything he/she has and never quit. If just one player quits, either mentally or physically, the rest of team gets dragged down too. Athletes are told to be players who always hold their heads high and never accept defeat. This is how I became a leader and developed an exceptional work ethic. These are both important qualities for any person to possess. After high school I will pursue a Master of Education degree with a focus on elementary education. I hope that when I become a teacher I am able to teach my students to live by the same virtues. How to cite How Sports Influenced Me, Papers

Submarine Sandwich and Subway free essay sample

Private Industry Type: Fast Food Founded In: Bridgeport, Connecticut, U. S. (1965) Founders:Fred De Luca and Peter Buck Headquarters:Milford, Connecticut, USA Key people:Fred De Luca(President) Mille Shin(EVP) David Worroll(Controller) Products:Subs Burgers Salads Pizzas and other food items. Revenue:^ $ 9. 0305 Billion USD P. A Owners:Doctor’s Associate Inc. Website:subway. com Subway is an American food restaurant which sells Sandwiches, Burgers, Salads and other drinking items. It is owned and operated by Doctor’s Associate Inc of USA. Subway is one of the fastest growing restaurants in the world with approximately 33,566 franchises in 92 countries as of October, 1st 2010. It is the largest single-brand restaurant and franchise chain globally and the second largest restaurant operator globally after Yum! Brands (35,000 locations). Subway has the largest number of franchises in USA than anyother QSR Resturant . Subways main Headquarters are located in Milford, Connecticut, USA and five regional centers support Subways growing international operations. The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Australia and New Zealand. Whereas support Office are located in Brisbane and Australia. The Middle Eastern locations are supported from offices located in Beirut, Lebanon. The Asia Pacific locations from Singapore; India and Pakistan and the Latin America support center is in Miami, Florida. In United Kingdom the company hopes to expand to 2000 restaurants by some time in 2010. History [pic] [pic] In 1965, Fred De Luca borrowed $1,000 from his family friends; Haydee Pinero and Peter Buck to start his first sandwich shop. At this time he was only 17  years old. He was raising money to pay for his college dues. Dr. Peter Buck suggested to Fred that he should open a sandwich shop in order to make enough money to pay for college tution. After raising the money, he deeply examined the different locations in Connecticut for his new resturant. At last he decided to set up his resturant in a mediocre location of Connecticut, which was the corner of East Main Street, Boston Avenue in Bridgeport, Connecticut. By the noon on the opening day, he saw a number of customers were pouring in. He was surprised to see a tremendous response from the customers. On the radio advertisement they had promoted the name of his resturant as Petes Submarines, which sounded like Pizza Marines, so they changed the name to Petes Subs; eventually they adopted the Subway name and they decorated the store with maps of the New York City subway system; a theme that continues to this day. As of December 30, 2008, the company has 32,401 franchised locations in 91 countries and produced US$9. 05  billion in sales every year. In 2007, Forbes magazine named Fred De Luca # 242 of the 400 richest Americans with a net worth of $1. 5  billion. In addition to the locations of traditional restaurants, Subway operates in many non-traditional locations. For instance, there are over 900 Subway locations inside of Wal-Mart stores and 200 on military bases, including several in Iraq and Afghanistan, there are three branches located inside The Pentagon, as well as an increasing number on college and university campuses. In United Kingdom, the company has introduced a new concept of mobile resturants which are responsible for providing the products to the customers at convenient locations. Today it is holding more than US 9. 05 billion dollar sales worldwide. Subway restaurants have been consistently ranked in Entrepreneur Magazines Top 500 Franchises and was selected as the #2 overall franchises in 2008. Additionally, it was ranked as the #3 Fastest Growing Franchise, and the #1 Global Franchise as well. Mission Vision [pic][pic] Mission: â€Å"To Become a Healthy Fast Food Chain Offering a Variety of Sandwiches and Subs† â€Å"To provide the tools and knowledge to allow entrepreneurs to successfully compete in the QSR industry worldwide by consistently offering value to consumers through providing great-tasting food that is good for them and made the way they like it† Vision: To Expand internationally with the help of Franchising option† What need our offering is designed to fill? [pic] A:To meet the food needs of human beings â€Å"Market Offerings† â€Å"Some combinations of products, services, information or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or want† [pic] [pic] Subways main product is the submarine sandwich, or Sub. Many stores also offer Cookies, muffins, and Danishes which may be produced in a variety of flavors. The main products which the subway provided at the beginning were the hot sandwiches, cold sandwiches, Subs and cookies. They also offer a variety of cookies and muffins with different flavors. The main course of the subway was the submarine sandwiches; year by year subway added the special items to its menu with the beverages like coco-cola and Pepsi. In 2001, Subway added seasoned breads and a line of specialty items to its menu and in 2003, most Subway markets switched their beverage contracts to supply Coca-Cola products exclusively having previously left it up to the individual market to decide whether to serve Coke or Pepsi. In order to ink the current deal with Coca-Cola, Coca-Cola helped pay for the initial amount of toaster ovens to all existing restaurants in North America. Subway gave customers the option to have their sandwiches toasted in response to increased competition from a rival sandwich chain, Quiznos, which popularized toasted submarine sandwiches. The TurboChef and Merrychef toaster ovens are a microwave oven prototype; these are currently not available for retail. In retaliation to deal with Coca-Cola. Quiznos switched its contract with Pepsi cola international, except in Canada where he still sell the products of Coca-Cola. Subway in Mexico still serves Pepsi products. Subway menus vary by store, by country and by market. These are considered COP (country optional program), SOP (store optional program), MOP (market only program) but retain core items which are included at every store. The main food sold by the store is Submarine sandwiches, sold in Six-inch (15  cm), Footlong (30  cm), and the four inch (10  cm) Mini Sub sizes. All Subway stores offer customers lettuce, tomato, onions, bell peppers, cucumbers, olives, jalapenos and pickles, as well as market selected options such as carrot, corn, radish and avocado. Once there was a time where the BMT sandwiches was popular upon all the sandwiches, BMT stands for the Brooklyn Manhattan Transit, but later it was pronounced as Biggest Meatiest Tastiest sandwiches. It contains the combination of ham, salami and pepperoni. This variety was popularly consumed as the cold sandwich in the United Kingdom. Mainly adults from the age 18 to 34 were targeted; the food items considered was healthy and supervised under hygienic condition and according to the people’s specifications like their likes and dislikes in the product menu. Subway is now making around 2 million different sandwiches available for different customers around the globe. The main competitors for the subway are the KFC, Mc Donald’s, Pizza Hut, Burger King, and many other sandwich shops. Like other fast-food restaurants, they offer limited time offers or LTO from time to time. In addition to their standard menu, Subway also offers catering for all types of occasions. They offer Giant Subs, which are a minimum of three feet long. All Subway restaurants in Muslim countries serve a halal menu. There are also at least two Subway restaurants in the United States that do the same, three in Canada, and over one hundred in the United Kingdom. The success of these stores has been mixed, with many locations reporting reduced sales as a result, but the company is commited to open more halal stores. Subway also offers items other than sandwiches; breakfast items include such baked goods as bagels, egg sausage sandwiches, and as of July and August 2006, personal pizzas are available in selected markets. The personal pizzas are made upon order (as with their sandwiches) and heated in less than 90 seconds (cooking for 85 seconds) as advertised on televised commercials. Breakfast and pizza items are only available in some stores. Most stores offer additional toppings upon request. In November 2009, Seattles Best Coffee announced that theyd signed an agreement to serve freshly brewed coffee as part of Subways breakfast offerings. Value [pic] â€Å"The sum of percived tangible and intangible benefits and costs to consumers† As we know that the basic purpose of marketing is to create a value for customers and to build strong relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. The Subway creative team and market researcher are struggling hard for value defining, Value developing and Value delivering that is more appealing and need satisfying than its competitors. Following points clearly define the values which are being offered by the subway restaurant. The food is the basic need of every human being but Wants strongly influence the needs of human beings of a particular society. †¢ As Subway is the basically American food restaurant and Time is an important factor of American culture. An American’s life is very busy, American public want such type of food which is available instantly, be delicious and quickly digestive. †¢ In other words we can say that an American restaura nt should be able to deliver food to the customers in the little passage of time. †¢ To fulfill the requirements of an American. Subway is offering quality fast food items in its menu like subs, burgers etc. †¢ Quick service is another characteristic of the Subway restaurant. After the products are produced in the little passage of time there should be suitable arrangements to make it available to consumers. †¢ For this purpose Subway has employed a young and energetic workforce in its restaurants. It has enforced the golden principles of division of labor and synergy in its restaurant environment. It has established quick counters, drive through windows, POS (Point of Sale Terminals) and a Home delivery network supported by GPS. Satisfaction [pic] â€Å"The Consumers personal judgment of product perceived performance in relationship to the expectation† If product falls short of consumer expectation, the consumer is dissatisfied. If product meets the expectation of consumer, the consumer is satisfied. If product surpasses the expectation of consumer, the consumer is delighted. Subway wants its customers to be delighted. To come up with these expectations, it has designed a variety of products according to the Cultural and Societal values. If we talk about the Subway in Pakistan we are sure that it is offering the Halal food. Subway management is well aware with this fact that if its wants to become a No. 1 fast food restaurant of world. It must follow the rules of the every society in which it operates. Subway strive for success can be easily measured with this fact that the restaurant has offered a wide variety of product substitute in India like vegetable sandwiches, chicken Sandwiches because Cow is considered as a Sacred Animal in their culture and they always show retaliation to every activity relating to its sacrifice. Subway is always making his every possible effort to surpass the expectation to of its consumers and to satisfy them better than competitors do. STP (Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning) [pic] Segmentation: â€Å"Dividing the market into distinct group of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics or behavior and who might require separate products and marketing program† There are different attributes and factors which the influence of segmentation for the products and services which the subway offers to its market. Here many variables influence the market segmentation for the Subway products. Coming to the segmentation strategy it is essential to know what the customer is considering from the products provided by the subway. The segmentation strategies can be described more effectively in many different variables which results in the marketing segmentation, there are different forms of segmentations available like the demographic, behavioral and psychographic segmentation. The psychographic segmentation is something depending on the interest, activities, attitudes and hobbies of the customers towards the products and the dignity of loyalty maintained. What the people look around is the cheaper cost food item which suits the pockets of the many college going adults as the concept is something related to the value for money. This segmentation strategy is considered under a light, medium and heavy group and is based on different types of social classes. The behavioral segmentation is based on the various responses generated through the utilization of the product. This segmentation is purely related to attitudes. It also relate to what a customer is getting benefited from, there are different variables which do occurs at different situations like he demand for the turkeys are more at the time of Christmas timing and different items at different situations. The approach is basically described in two ways one is the benefit part and the other is usage. The demographic segmentation is something related to the age group, gender, life cycle and income and according to subway it majorly acts on the principle of concentrating on the age grou p in between 18 to 39 years mostly the people which are either studying or working. We can observe the change in the products which are consumed by different age groups. So it is a strategy that involves the promotion of the item which meets the requirements of different age groups. The segmentation of gender comes under dressing, clothing and other facts. The other popular way for attraction is the discount offers made on the products which directly appeals the customers of low incomes. The geographic segmentation is related to various strategical segments like the country, locations, towns and cities. This strategical segmentation is totally based on the regions where the choice of holding a different variety of customers are noticed and are sub categorized for the easy access. The segmentation divides the markets into various groups of geographic areas with people having different characters and behaviors. If we take the preference of what the other region customers prefer like the Asian, European, and United States of America the subway worldwide sell the burgers which are aimed at the private markets, for example if we choose that the burgers are made from the lamb from the Asian continent and if we take India as a place where beef is not preferred due to the religious matter it is the importance given to the preference. In the American continent there is an extensive usage of the chilly sauce, so different regions have different taste and acceptability of the products. Benefit segmentation is something which is difficult for satisfying the customers need. It is the best way to satisfy customized products for example if we take the two different individuals buying the same product with different reasons of purchasing them Many of the segmentations analysis are purely based on the different type of cluster analysis. There are better ways to identify which segmentation is more important, and are different techniques involved in the cluster. There are different segment codes applied to segments. The use of segmentation is useful while having limited resource availability for deploying. This kind of segmentation makes the firms to use fewer resources satisfying a variety of customers with the products availability ranging in different advertising activity. Through the segmentation least profitable customer is identified through focusing on the products and the services. Also improvement in the loyal relationships makes the services improvement through the products. Whole usage of the resources and meeting the customer’s needs accordingly. There is a chance of getting benefited through lowering the cost of the products and their services offered. Grouping the people in a set of factors which includes the size, organization, the kind of lifestyle that the people are having and their behavior and kind of attitude all this comes under the geographic location. Market Segments: â€Å"A group of consumers who respond in a similar way to a given set of marketing effort† When Subway was incepted, its main segment was the Middle Class of the society. The average and blue collar workers who want fast food items for lunch or dinner purpose at substantially lower prices. Subway USA is still following this philosophy and providing its products at competitive prices. But as Subway extended its operation in the other countries of the world, it has become a hot spot for the Upper Upper Class and the Lower Upper Class of the Society of that particular region which is 8% to 10 % of the society. In Pakistan, Subway main Segment is to cater the needs of this particular class. If Subway wants to capture a huge share in the Pakistani Market, then it should have to address the concerns of the Middle Class in Pakistan. Market Targeting: [pic] â€Å"The process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter† Subway identified its target market as â€Å"Demanding People Who Know Their Own Minds†. The people who like to have nutrition food, quickly served and quickly digestive. For example, Subway defines its target audience for sub of the day who are in between the age of eighteen to thirty-nine agreed any five statements mentioned: The youngsters who believe that they won’t be influenced by any other views. †¢ Those audiences who wants to be received by other people as they are. †¢ The youngsters who likes to follow for a life with novelty, challenge and change, who would like to try with different varieties of food products, the target audience to keep learning with items fo r whole life, †¢ The youngsters who do not bother for their future and wants to cheer up the present life and target audience who wants to be well informed, be organized in life. The youngsters who all with the above or some of the above qualities and who expects the alternative food culture rather than the trash culture, sub of the day is the best alternative to those who don’t want to be compromise for their individuality and values. Subway offers varied food chains, which is a specification of target audience healthy food list Subway at the same time taking care of consumer’s preference when offering regular sub sandwiches, salads, wraps, snacks, desserts with low fat options, with these more than two million varieties of sandwich options. Further to attract these target audience subway for its sub of the day is priced 179/-, attracted the adults to treat them self, subway research towards the eating habits of the target audience that their food habits are irregular they are spoiled for the variety of food choices, these customers are intended to choose what they wanted and how structured they want it, they have high expectations with low loyalty. Subway sandwiches offered to its customers as per their specifications, in front of the customer according to his choice. Subway is offering its customers the choice of â€Å"point to order†, so that new customers won’t confuse for their selection. It is the exact opposite way of delivering the service by its competitors like KFC, Mc Donald and Burger King Etc. As we can see that in Pakistan and Middle East, there is comparatively low difference between a Subway Restaurant and a Five Star Hotel. The main reason is that Subway International is charging prices of their products according to the US Dollars in the every region of the world. Due Currency exchange differences, that price rises in other countries. For example, Subway is charging 5 $ in USA for its 30cm Sub which is a good price according to that country but if we talk about Pakistan the price goes to more than 350/- Rupees which is an unaffordable price for the middle class in Pakistan. If Subway wants to capture good market share in Pakistan then it would have to target the concerns of middle class and working class of the Pakistani society. Positioning: â€Å"Arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to competing products in the mind of target consumers† Providing a healthy fast food chain for a healthier and hygienic food is a brand value strategy. Subways are well advantaged and positioned throughout the strengths and weaknesses and also the threats that cause the effects to its strategy. We can discuss about the strengths, weaknesses, threats and different opportunities available. Coming to strengths the main strength of subway is its size and number of stores and its channels located across the globe. The listing of the healthy items includes the fresh and fast food items that reflect the menu, use of distribution channels for the growth of its shops. Maintaining a good relation with the American heart association and getting worldwide recognitions due to its healthy supply of food and offering to all ages. User friendly menu listings and preferences serving, low cost setup for the franchisee, and an instant startup of the franchisee under a specified training. The weaknesses that are derived from the strengths are that some of the franchisee is not happy with response they are getting from the main office. There is a deviation in the services provided from store to store. The revenue generation is less and the payment given to the employee is increasing spontaneously. The opportunities obtained through these are in rapid growth of the global business. Improving the customer related services and also expanding the distribution channels to other private agencies, offering a variety of packed desserts, and the business franchisee relations. Daily updating the menu through revised offerings. Expanding the services through the partnerships, movie co-production and toy manufacturers for advertisements. Getting advertised through the films and other media increases the promotion of the films and also increases the brand value branding opportunities. There are also threats attached that are enforcing the legal rights by the franchisee. Contamination of the food items, if no proper care is taken the contaminations could be degradation of vegetable items, etc. the competition against the rivals in maintaining the standards and price quotes. There could be a national economic crisis, upon the demand on consumers, product consumptions and launching of new menu items. As I have already mentioned that Subway restaurant is basically specialized in making of different varieties of Sandwiches. Subway main advertising slogan is Eat Fresh† explains that how every sandwich is made on freshly baked bread, using fresh ingredients, in front of the customer to their exact specification by their employees whom Subway called Subway Sandwich Artists. In this way Subway distinguish itself and its products relative to competitors products in the mind of consumer. Brand Differentition:- [pic][pic] There is makeover in a new positioning of the subway for its marketing place, mainly in distinguishing from the competitor’s value. The differentiation makes the subway to look at its customers’ needs. Building a superior value of position makes the identification more competitive. The differentiation comes for the product like providing no oily food, fresh tomatoes, mayo’s and other items. Providing a healthy fast food at lunch and dinner timing reduces the effect of increasing the weight. This made the people to sign more franchises and the people’s attraction towards the health increased eventually. Positioning depends on some of the functional like rectifying the problem, making the customers to get profit and also by the symbolic function where the enhancement of the self image, identifying their social fulfillment. Subway differentiates itself in term of healthy sandwiches as an alternative to fast food† Subway launched its new brand â€Å"sub of the day† in which there is different price 179/-. This offers the cheapest meal of the day to attract the people. This launching of the new brand made the other competitors to launch their own different bra nds with lower price options. Once if there is market segmentation which is identified through the identification of the segmentation getting positioned, it is the product which is perceived by the customers. Opportunities and competition are identified accordingly. The release of the product is totally depending upon the brand name, as there was an increase in the product positioning of the â€Å"sub of the day†. There is also increase in the brand billing, later subway came in the limelight and is having Burger king and Mc Donald as its major competitors. Value Proposition [pic] â€Å" The set of benefits that they offer to their consumers to satisfy there need† Most of the marketing offerings of a food resturant are the variable mix of goods and services. Which means that in addition to the products, a resturant also provides best services to create a unique and favourable image in the mind of customers. For this purpose Subway in Pakistan is providing best products alongwith best services. It has implemented the concepts of divison of labour and synergy in its working environement. Under the division of labour concept, every person has assigned a specialized task and he is responsible for effectively performance of that task. Whereas this concept has become synergy implication for subway ( 1+1gt;2). Marketing Mix â€Å"The set of controllable tactical marketing tools- product, price, place and promotion that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market† Product:- Product is defined as Anything which is offered in the market for attention, use and detail that might satisfy some need or want† Subway in Pakistan is offering the following variety of products [pic] [pic] The most unique product which Subway is offering in pakistan is the â€Å"Sub of the day† in which you can get a regular Sub which is costing 269-519/- Rupees in regular days at just 179/- Rupees. The menu of Sub of the day has been new everyday to cater the wants of customer. The main philosophy behined launching the new product was to increase the flow of the customers to the subway restaurant and it includes the cheapest item in the menu every day. This brand main motto was to attract more people to its subway with a lower cost item. .There is menu of Sub of the day changes from Monday to Sunday. However, in Sunday you have a choice to get any of the Sub of the later weekday. This technique of renaming and re-launching the new products increase the customers flow to the subs. Quality Control:- [pic] All Subway products are made under strict Quality Control meeting international stnadards. In Pakistan, PSQCA(Pakistan Standard and Quality Control Assurance) organization has made compulsry for every organization to make its product according to PSQCA predefined rules and standards. This can be any product ranging from engineering to eatables. In addition to the above, special gloves are provided to the Sandwich Artists which are required to be worn during the all food handling procedures. All franchises are provided with detailed information on proper food handling procedures in order to properly train their crew members. Topics that are covered include proper hand washing and glove use procedures and food rotation. Special veggies are prepared daily and temprature of special food items are monitered after every hour. A special program named as â€Å"ServSafe food safety program â€Å" is offered to franchisees and other field staff around the world. This program is conduted at the SUBWAY Headquarters, USA. Subway chain has also initiated a number of â€Å"Gold Standards† policies regarding prepared food and produce manufacturing and inspection specification. Desiging process of products:- Five steps are involved in the prepration of Sub. †¢ In 1st step, customer have to go to the counter and place an order on the counter. In this step, cutomer will have to select Bread for its Sub or Sandwich. There are two types of breads. One is White and other is Brown. White Bread is sweetned bread and is normally used in the prepration process whereas, Brwon Bread is special bread made for the Diabetic Patients. There is no sweet material in this type of bread. †¢ In the 2nd step, cutomer will have to select meat for its product. Customer can add chicken and beef in its product. †¢ In the 3rd step, customer will normally select veggies to add in its product. Customer can add varitey of veggies right from the selction range of 18 itmes. †¢ In the 4th step, Sauses are selected by the customers which are to be added in its product. In the 5th step, customer will have to select drink from the Wide variety of coke products. Customer can select a 500ML plastic bottle or can select soft drink with free refill option in which you can get your glass refilled for the number of times. †¢ In the 6th step, cutomer will have to make a required payment on the counter. †¢ By keeping in view the above steps , we can say that there is 100% customer involvement in the Prepration process of Sub at the resturant. Subway gives free authority to every customer to customize its Sub and Sandwiches. You can add or remove any item in your Sub. These items are ranging from Cheese to olive oil. While making your Sub the Sandwiches artist make a loud voice and ask from customer that whether he would like to add or remove the particulur item in his Sub or not. You can put the delicious items in your Sub and make it very tasty. Through this customization option, Subway has a strong edge on its competitors that they can make their own Sub before their eyes and with the help and guidance of Sandwich experts. Brandname of the Products:- [pic] When Subway was incorporated, its main product was the Sub(Submarine Sandwich). But with the passage of time Doctor’s Associate put variety of unique products in its menu. These menus vary form country to country and region to region. Famous Brands of Subway in Pakistan is as follows. †¢ Classics (Italian BMT – Spicy Italian) †¢ Hot Toasted Subs (Steak Cheese – Smoked Beef) †¢ Basics (Veggie Delight – Subway Club) †¢ Pizzas and Burgers (On Selected outlets) †¢ Chicken Favorites (Chicken Fajita – Chicken Tikka) †¢ Salads (Turkey Breasts – Bar B. Q Chicken) †¢ Deli style Sandwiches (Chicken Fajita – Chicken Teriyaki) †¢ Kid’s Pack (6 inch sandwich, Drink, Crisps Toy) Drinks (NR – Cappuccino) †¢ Subway Crisps †¢ Cookies (Chocolate – Macadamia Nuts) In Classics, Hot Toasted Subs, Basics and Chicken Favourities you can get your Sub from 6 inch to Footlong(12 Inch) which is double in size and double in price. Whereas, in Salads you can get a Salad Bowl measuring 6 inch. Subway gives you option to get your meal upsize by just paying 80/- Rupees more. Packaging:- [pic] You have ready option to get your Suway meal through Dine-In, Takeaway and under Free Home delivery System. All Subway products like Sub and Classics are packed in the paper which is free from any chemical material. It means that, the wrapping paper is not injurious to health. In Home Delivery System, Subway has introduced an oven hot technology. This technology make it possible to deliver fresh and hot Subs at the door step of the customer. Altough this concept has been introduced by the Pizza Hut (Pakistan) several years ago. But yet it is a big edge for the customers of Subway. Services:- As we have alredy described that Subway International has enforced concept of â€Å"Divison of Labour† in its resturants. Through this concept every worker is engaged in the seprate task in the resturant. The Sandwich experts are responsible for quick desiging and baking the sandwich, the cashier is responsible for making bill and collecting cash, the sweeper is repsonsble for cleaning task of resturant and delivery boy is respponsible for the fast delivery of Subs at the door step of customer. So we can Subway is dealing and fulfilling the customers in the shortest possible time and creating a unique and strong image in the mind of cutomer. Price Prices of the Products:- [pic] There are two ranges of price in the Classic, Hot toasted Subs, Basic and in Chicken Favourites portion of the Subway menu. These are 6 inch and foot long, There is difference in sizes of Subs. There is 100% to 150 % price increment in moving from 6 inch potion to foot long portion. One of most thing which we have observed in the menu of subway is the full disclosure of prices inclusive of all taxes. It means that all prices which are shown in the menu are the real prices of the products. Whereas if we talk about other fast food chain like Pizza Hut (Pakistan), this practice is not available. The price list of all the Products of Pizza Hut (Pakistan) is not real. A small pizza is shown as just 180/- Rupees but if we make actual order the price raised to 230/- Rupees which is not fair in the interest of Customers as well as society. Under performance marketing concept, a company should address the concerns of its cutomers and make all possible disclosure to create a favourable image. Discounts:- [pic] Special discounts are granted to to Sub Club members and for party events. These discounts for special events varies from the number of guests. For discounts availabitlity the customer should contact the manager of the resturant. Promotion [pic][pic] Promtion Mix:- â€Å"The Specific Blend of advertising, Sales Promotion, Public Realtions, Personal Selling and direct marketing tools that the company uses to persuasively communicate customer value and build customer relationship† Subway Pakistan uses follwing promtion mix tools Advertising:- [pic] [pic] Subway uses the advertising slogan Eat Fresh Everyday to explain how every sandwich is made on freshly baked bread, using fresh ingredients, in front of the customer to their exact specification, by employees whom Subway terms Subway Sandwich Artists. Subway Pakistan uses different types of advertising media to tell the merits of its products to customers. †¢ In Television media, Subway has developed commercials to attract the new customers for its products as well as to retain old customers by providing attractive deals. †¢ Trasport Media (Mobile Marketing) †¢ Fliers. (Broucher) †¢ The Newspaper Media. †¢ Billboards. †¢ Magazines. †¢ Radio †¢ Internet (through its website and Facebook) Personal Selling:- [pic] Personal selling is the presentation of the firm’s product by the firm’s sales force for making sales and building customer relationship. As I have already described that Subway sales force and Subway sandwich artists provides variety of services for building long term customer relationship. The Sub customization system, communication of latest promotions and discounts, a smiling face, giving of surprise free gifts with every kid pack are the few examples of personal selling efforts, which are making by the Subway workforce. Subway workforce are made capable for extraordinary personal selling efforts through periodic capacity building workshops and training sessions which are designed to cater needs of this relationship network. In 21st century no company can survive without building long term relationship with customer. Sales Promotion:- Short term incentives given to the customers to increase sales. When Subway started its operations in Multan, it gave buy one get one free offer under which it offered free Subs of other taste on the Purchase of one Sub. For example, the customer who have purchase Steak cheese Sub of 6 foot long is eligible for the purchase of Beef Pastrami Sub of 6 foot long or anyother Sub of 6 foot long. By this method, Subway not only attarcted customers but also make them familiar with the Subs of other tastes. In addition to this it also offered promotional products for the first 100 customers. In which it gave ball pens, Note books, key rings etc. These promotional products are still given by the Subway Multan on some special request to Resturant Manager or for Sub Club Members. There were also contest for the kids in which they conduct different drawing competitions for the childern under 12 years. The main purpose of all these activities was to provide strong footings to Subway in Multan and to build and maintain strong and eduring realationships with the customers. Stakeholders Relations:- Under holistic marketing concept, it is necessary for every company to build strong relationships with customers and other stakeholders so that it can achieve its predetermined objectives. Subway Multan is making its every possible effort to build strong realtionships with its customers, whose purchases make it possible for Subway to achieve its objectives. The Behaviour of its Workforce, Quality of Services Products and Promotional techniques make it clear to us Subway is actively pursuing its Mission. In 21st Century, no company can survive by building just long term relationships with customers but it is also important that company management should pay attention for building relationships with Suppliers who are called partners in the modern sense and many companies around the world are activly focusing on PRM(Partnership Relationship Management). Doctor’s Inc USA which is founding Company of Subway Resturant around the world is following the strategy of making prompt payments to suppliers as soon as the beef and other Raw Material arrives. In addition to this they also make periodic evaluation of general price rise due to inflation in the world economies. Under this, they automatically increase the payment of raw material based on careful assesment of the World Economy. Through this method Suppliers are not only satisfy but they are also anxious for supplying their goods well before the deadline. Customers are the members of the society and it is necessary for every company to do some positive activity for the well being of the members of the society. Under this philosophy Doctor’s Inc USA donate 12% of the yearly earnings for the public welfare. These donations are made to United Nations specialzed donor agencies such as Unicef, UNFPA, WFP etc. Sponsorship [pic][pic] Subway is the corporate sponsor for two NASCAR Sprint Cup series stock car races: the Subway Fresh Fit 600, held at Phoenix International Raceway USA and the Subway 500, held at Martinsville Speedway. In addition, Subway has been the primary sponsor of the NASCAR Sprint Cup number 99 car, driven by Carl Edwards. In 2007, Tony Stewart has appeared with Jared Fogel in ads, and he has driven his #20 Home Depot Toyota with Subway primary sponsorship in the 2008 Subway Fresh Fit 500, he now drives the #14 Office Depot Chevy. Previously, Subway had sponsored Jeff Purvis #51 car in at least one race in 2001. They also sponsor a pro-cycling team, and had their name on the shirts of Gretna F. C. before the club went bust in 2008. In the 1996 film Happy Gilmore, Subway was also the sponsor of the titular character. In July 2009, the Edinburgh Meadows baseball team announced that Subway will be their official sponsor for the forthcoming baseball season. Subway has also been a sponsor of the 2009 Little League World Series, where they advertised their Subway Fresh Fit Meals. Placement [pic] Distribution Channels:- If we talk about distribution channel, Subway Pakistan is using direct marketing channels. In which, it is selling products directly to the final customers without involvement of any party. So we can say that Subway Pakistan is using channel No. 1 of customer marketing channel. [pic] Subway uses direct marketing channels since it deals directly with its consumers. Although Subway’s product is a shopping good, it uses selective distribution. This is due to the fact that Subway only allows its products to be sold in corporate approved Subway locations as apposed to selling Subway products wherever possible as in intensive distribution Franchsisng:- [pic] [pic] Since Subway is incorporated, its stratgey is to expand internationally through extensive franchising operations. Subway started its franchising operations in Middle East by its first franchise in Bahrain in 1984. At that time its international approach was â€Å"If you like Subway, you think it’s a good thing, and you think it would work in your country, then we’ll teach you the concept and how it works and you go make it work in your country†. Now there are more than 33500 outlets of Subway around the world. These outlets ranges from Airport Bars to Complete Resturant Near High Court, Multan. In addition to this, Subway has also established special dessigned Points of Purchase for the American Soldiers deployed in afghanistan and iraq. The attractive features of Subway franchsing operations are as under †¢ Low start up costs – Less equipment is needed †¢ Countertop, oven, refrigerator, and microwave – Small Area is needed †¢ Real-estate costs are low †¢ Lowered operating costs which therefore raise margins – $12,000 vs $45,000 for McDonalds Makes it appealing to investors Subway main success feature in franchising operations are the strong brand based on a unique value proposition aimed at a dissatisfied target segment. The company’s low-cost franchising strategy has allowed Subway to flourish both domestically and overseas. Locations in Pakistan:- [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] Subway in Pakistan is located in more than 28 locations. In Lahore, t here are more than 11 franchises. Whereas in Karachi, there are 9 franchises. In Islamabad, 2 locations are operational. In addition to this Subway has also established more than 2 locations near on the Main Highways and Motorways of Pakistan. Other franchises are in Jehlum, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Multan, etc There is 1 more one franchise which is coming soon in 20-A Gulgshat Colony, Multan. More outlets are coming soon in Karachi, Lahore, Motorway and Sialkot. Logistics:- [pic] Subway has got collaboration with FedEx (Federal Express) and DHL for its supply chain management and logistics support. Both of these companies are responsible for supplying beef and other ingredients to the Subway franchises and locations all over the world. In Pakistan, K N Chicken is fulfilling the demand of Chicken of Subway franchises all over the Pakistan. K N Chicken has its own fleet which provides the chicken through the freezing containers all over the Pakistan. Whereas, DAWN Bread, Lahore supply the White and Brown Bread to all outlets in Pakistan. It gets support through the Logistics Services of PTN (Perfect Transport Network) SWOT ANALYSIS [pic] Now in this section, we will make SWOT analysis of Subway (Pakistan) Strengths:- †¢ Subway made its presence over ninety one countries with 33,794 stores which shows its potential growth in the market. Subway is in the list of largest chain of QSR (Quick Service Restaurant) in the world. †¢ It offers a wide range of sandwiches. According to subway there are more than two million subways sandwich combinations are available. †¢ It gained customer repetition as it supplies a nutrition food, preparation of the sandwiches and Subs are just in front of the customer to choo se his own selection of breads, sauces and toppings. †¢ It supports the franchise development right from beginning for training, advertising, development of product, cooperates in purchasing and run time support. Subway offers submarine sandwiches and salads, daily fresh made breads; it even concentrates on religious beliefs, everywhere in the world the same menu items, with the same taste provided, which made its own brand recognition. †¢ Subway shop fits with small area simple kitchens, offering a reasonably comfortable price for single and combo deals. Subway with its pricing strategy it reached customer expectations giving them low price fast food sandwiches satisfying their basic needs to eat what they wish. Weaknesses:- †¢ The decoration of the sandwiches is not so classy and some of its franchises are not happy from its management. Service deliver process varies from one store to other store. †¢ There is a high turnover behind the employees; there is no pr oper command on franchised shops. †¢ There are many legal disputes with the franchisees which lead to experience a break in the contract and sometimes the sales figures are miss-leaded by the franchisees as the business practice is shady. †¢ Some customers have a bad perception on ‘sub club card ‘ which is miss leading the customers to think that Subway sacrificed the quality of product and services for its low priced strategy, with this ‘sub of the day’ even encounter business lose. Inadequacy of Advertisement in Pakistan as compared to its competitors (KFC, Pizza Hut and Burger King) †¢ Inadequacy of outlets in Pakistan †¢ Lack of Parking Facility in Multan Franchise. †¢ No Drive Through windows in Multan Franchise. †¢ No Children Play area (A Potential segment) Opportunities:- †¢ Subway consistent growth makes it as a hot global business. †¢ The more stylish decoration of the sub will fetch as added advantage to its sales. †¢ The customer service system needs to be reinforced to make Subway unique in the market. Giving of more opportunities to expand its franchises like helping and in terms of finance and motivation, at the same time need to concentrate for a better relationship with franchises, making them to try in new selling methods some desserts along with the menu, †¢ The menu items needs to be revised frequently and update it with new offerings as I have see that there are considerable amount of Subway items which are missing in the Pakistani menu. †¢ Develop good relationship with media partners for improved promotion and co branding prospects. Introduction of more attractive offers. †¢ Introduction of Pizzas in Multan Branch †¢ Allocations of space for the children play area. Threats:- †¢ New litigations from franchisee holders, stores need to be maintained with a great concentration to rescue the food items like spinach, salad ingredients and breads. â⠂¬ ¢ As this industry in a huge competition Subway always need to update with the market standards. There are some other reasons like sabotage; economic downturn and law suits obligation are the major threats to the Subway sandwich restaurants. †¢ Quizno’s operations in Pakistan Mc Donald introduction of â€Å"Deli Everyday† brand with the same objectives of â€Å"Sub of the Day† COMPETITORS †¢ KFC[pic] †¢ PIZZA HUT [pic] †¢ QUIZNO’S [pic] †¢ BURGER KING [pic][pic] RECOMMENDATIONS Subway and its unique products in QSR (quick Service Restaurant) industry the important factor to success is management. Therefore to get the estimated success rate bottom line employees to top level management even need to have regular trainings to manage any aspects of the store. Well trained employees will give confidence for doing the competitive edge in the industry. It needs to maintain the customer expectations to his previewed value. Subway should have more clear market position to maintain its success and it should give clear message to its management, what position they want to maintain in this industry. As the industry itself in a mature stage, it is little tuff to maintain low cost strategy. Even though it concentrate on product differentiation also need to give same importance to marketing differentiation and it should maintain control on cost effectiveness. Subway for its successful progression it should maintain franchise operation effectively, as a part of its objectives it should promote to establish more franchises around the world. It should monitor the franchises operations for a unique position. Further to maintain same growth, maintain the franchises holders happy, better take feed backs and advices from the franchises consistently. As ‘sub of the day’ hit the market for its pricing strategy and healthy fast food strategy it is advisable to keep continue and further more campaigning is needed. As in the case of the sub of the day product is segmented demographically even better to understand the local markets and the combination preferences and tailoring the menu items fetches more business, better offer new items according to the local tastes. At present most of the places subway having a very less seating capacity, seating arrangements need to be considered to provide more seating capacity. As ‘sub of the day’ hit the target audience their expectation level will rise from basic to little high examples like some dessert varieties and break fasts. Subway can promote its sandwich as customizable and healthy to eat food to those who really care for the diet. THANKS Subway logo used from 1965 to March 3rd, 2002 Producer Consumers

The Devil in the White City - Discussion Questions

'The Devil in the White City' - Discussion Questions The Devil in the White City by Erik Larson is a true story that takes place at the 1893 Chicago Worlds Fair. Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about the story. Finish the book before reading on. Why do you think Erik Larson chose to tell Burnham and Holmes stories together? How did the juxtaposition affect the narrative? Do you think they worked well together or would you have preferred to read about just Holmes or just Burnham?What did you learn about architecture? What do you think the fair contributed to the architectural landscape in the United States?How did the Chicago Worlds Fair change Chicago? America? The world? Discuss some of the inventions and ideas that were introduced at the fair that still impact life today.How was Holmes able to get away with so many murders without becoming suspect? Were you surprised by how easy it was for him to commit crimes without being caught?What ultimately led to Holmes capture and the discovery of his crime? Was this inevitable?How did Holmes hotel contrast with the buildings of the Worlds Fair? Can architecture reflect goodness or evil, or are buildings neutral until used?How did the White City contract with Chicago, the Black Cit y? What do you think of Holmes claim that he was the devil? Can people be inherently evil? How would you explain his strange allure and cold-hearted behavior?Burnham, Olmsted, Ferris and Holmes were all visionaries in their own ways. Discuss what drove each of these men, whether they were ever truly satisfied, and how their lives ultimately ended.Rate The Devil in the White City on a scale of 1 to 5.

The Serial Comma is OK with Me

The Serial Comma is OK with Me The Serial Comma is OK with Me The Serial Comma is OK with Me By Maeve Maddox After a lifetime of being wishy-washy about the serial comma, I’ve reached a decision: I’m going to use it all the time. Such a momentous decision is, of course, a deeply personal matter. The pros and cons are widely, frequently, and hotly debated. Here is some information that may enable you to make the decision for yourself, if you haven’t already done so. serial comma: (also Oxford comma) n. a comma used after the penultimate item in a list of three or more items, before and or or (e.g. an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect). Penguin Writer’s Manual. Oxford comma: n. [after the preferred use of such a comma to avoid ambiguity in the house style of Oxford University Press] a comma immediately preceding the conjunction in a list of items. OED Some writers call the Oxford comma the â€Å"Harvard comma.† Heres a sentence with a serial comma: The Three Stooges are Larry, Moe, and Curly. Here it is without a serial comma: The Three Stooges are Larry, Moe and Curly. PRO serial comma The Chicago Manual of Style (2009) When a conjunction joins the last two elements in a series, a comma- known as the serial or series comma or the Oxford comma- should appear before the conjunction. Chicago strongly recommends this widely practiced usage, blessed by Fowler and other authorities 6.19 The Elements of Style (2000) In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. The stated rule seems ambiguous to me, but the examples that follow it are clear: red, white, and blue gold, silver, or copper Gregg Reference Manual (1993) When three or more items are listed in a series, and the last item is preceded by and, or, or nor, place a comma before the conjunction as well as between the other items. CON serial comma   AP Stylebook (2009) Use commas to separate elements in a series, but do not put a comma before the conjunction in a simple series: The flag is red, white and blue. He would nominate Tom, Dick or Harry. AP does allow a comma before and when ambiguity would result without one: Put a comma before the concluding conjunction in a series, however, if an integral element of the series requires a conjunction: I had orange juice, toast, and ham and eggs for breakfast. Penguin Guide to Punctuation (1997) Note also that it is not usual in British usage to put a listing comma before the word and or or itself (though American usage regularly puts one there.) So, in British usage, it is not usual to write The Three Musketeers were Athos, Porthos, and Aramis. On the fence regarding the serial comma Penguin Writer’s Manual (2002) It is becoming more common in British English (and is usual in American English) to place a comma before the and that precedes the final item in a simple list (numbers one, two, three, and four). Fowler’s Modern English Usage (1965) In promoting the use of the serial comma, CMOS observes that the usage is â€Å"blessed by Fowler† among other authorities. However, when I looked up the topic in Fowler (1965 edition) I found this remark, which seems neutral at best: The more usual way of punctuating such an enumeration as was used as an example in the preceding section is French, German, Italian and Spanish; the commas between French and German and German and Italian take the place of ands; there is no comma after Italian because, with and, it would be otiose [having no practical function; redundant; superfluous]. There are, however, some who favour putting one there, arguing that, since it may sometimes be needed to avoid ambiguity it may as well be used always for the sake of uniformity. So there you have it. My choice is to travel the path of otiosity for the sake of uniformity. What’s yours? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withComma Before ButWhile vs. Whilst

International Business - International Market Case Study

International Business - International Market - Case Study Example It will investigate the current business strategies used by the company to conquer international markets, licensing and franchising, market strategies and ownership factors. Dell Inc. is an American computer hardware company which is based in Texas, U.S. The company manufactures, supports, develops and sells a wide variety of products and services including; PCs, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals etc. Dell Inc. is one of the biggest companies in the world but it has currently encountered a lot of competition from other players in the industry including IBM and HP. By the end of 2006, the company had an employee capacity of 78,700 throughout its branches all over the world. The company is owned by Michael Dell who, in 1984 while being a university student, founded the company in his dorm room. The company is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of Dell Computer Corporation After deciding to enter oversees market a variety of options were open to the company. These options vary with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be exercised over them in terms of security. Dell Inc. uses the following two methods of international marketing especially in some countries, such as those in Europe where the countries have developed infrastructure, organized import duty regulations etc. But in developing countries where level of economy is low, the company uses the direct method of exporting. Exporting Exporting is the direct sale of domestically produced goods in another country and does not require that the goods be produced in the target country. An example of this kind of marketing is counter trade. Counter trade is the expansion of operations in markets where competition is less but currency based exchange is not possible (Hollensen, 2004). Direct method In this method, DELL Inc. may agree to build a plant in a certain country and either assembles or manufactures their products and then operates as a full entity in the target country. An example of this method of trading is the barter trade. Direct methods have the following disadvantages i. It is difficult to set price and service quality ii. 'Dumping' may occur since it is not covered by GATT iii. Inconsistency in specifications and delivery iv. Quality may not be of international standards becoming so costly to the customer and trader. Indirect method The method of marketing does not require that the company invests in production facilities in the country and therefore, it is cheaper. The only costs that will be incurred are the marketing, transport and government expenses. This kind of marketing require full corporation of the following players; exporter which will be in this sense Dell Inc., importer in the target country, transport agents and the government trade officers. This is the marketing of goods produced in one country into another. In this case, there is no direct manufacturing in the intended country but significant investments in marketing are required. DELL Inc. can therefore manufacture their products in either Europe or Africa and export them directly to these countries. The advantages for this method are; production is home based hence less risky, gives an opportunity to learn markets abroad, potential risks of operating abroad are minimized. The only disadvantage of this method is that the company is at the merc ies of unscrupulous agents who make more profit than the company itself. Suitability of

Critically evaluate the impact of social media on the business world Essay - 1

Critically evaluate the impact of social media on the business world and our life - Essay Example This has made social media have a great impact on the business world and our individual life. Within the corporate world, social media is gaining popularity where it is being used in regular operations of many companies; this is mainly because it provides a perfect opportunity to take advantage of the world of the mouth, where people are connected on a global scale. Corporate messages on social media channels to reach new customers are conveyed, this is done through broadcast of positive feedback regarding the corporate message and its products. With this message, social media ensure that customers are retained hence building a positive customer loyalty. Additionally, dissatisfied customers are also reached directly within their own social media environment where the company embarks on finding better and more innovative ways of improving the product or service that they offer in the market outside (Bakardjieva and Gaden, 2011). Social media are relatively low-cost channels, which a company can use to market and advertise its products to millions of consumers. A good example is using Facebook a company just need to create a page within it where people shall need to like the page and have information which the company intends them to get in their computers, tablets or even phone. This has seen companies have million likes, which means more people are embracing this platform making the company enjoy cheap advertising platform. Social media also acts as a customer relation management too, mainly for companies which are selling products and services. Brand networking has become a way to capitalize on social trends, which is also a rich marketing tool. A company can maximize its return on marketing dollars by reaching out to potential customers via social media than making reliance on the high cost televised advertisement. Social media also allows a company to listen to a competitor message. Alternatively, this makes the listening company have strategies and

The Theoretical Basis Of Agritourism

The Theoretical Basis Of Agritourism Agritourism can be explained as a farm enterprise operated for the enjoyment and education of the public that may also generate additional income for the farmer by promoting farm products and experiences and giving many opportunities to local community to enhance their living standards (Wilson et al., 2006). The concept is gaining popularity and its providing a great escape for people in urban environment from their high-paced, strenuous and many times monotonous lifestyle. At the same time its helping the new generation to get first-hand experience of the rural life, which otherwise is limited only to the books for them. Spending time on the farms, interacting with the local people and farmers to get an insight into their day-to-day work and their traditions, participating in the local fairs and festivals, doing the actual work on the farm, milking the cow, riding a bullock cart, are some of the activities that can be enjoyed on an agritourism outing. 3.2.1 Theoretical basis of agritourism Agritourism is multifunctional and cooperative strategy (Sidali et al., 2011; Wilson, 2007; Essex, et al., 2005; Schmitt, 2010; Mason, 2000). The post-productivits agricultural system is the new approach in agricultural development. It is very complicated than subsistence and productivits agriculture systems (Topcu, 2007). Post-productivits agriculture system is a broad concept and the five main tasks of it are qualitative priorities in food production, alternative income sources for farmers and sustainability of agricultural lands, conservation of environment and new employment opportunities. Agritourism can easily link with these new aspects of agricultural development. Moreover, agritourism can be performed in five important sectors such as agricultural economic, socio-cultural, environmental and educational context in an effective manner. Further, since it is highly involved with the gender factor, agritourism as a gender approach is also having higher importance (Topcu, 2007; Si dali, Spiller and Schulze; 2011; Wilson, 2007; Essex, et al., 2005). 3.2.2 Definitions of agritourism Before 1990, only a little information has been published on agritourism. This lack of information was one of the reasons for the absence for the commonly accepted definition (Lack, 1997). However, after 1990, the research literature on agritourism has flourished and several number of definitions are available now (McGehee and Kim, 2004). Some selected definitions of agritourism are as follows. Agritourism can be defined as the practice of engaging in activities, events and services that has been provided to consumers for recreational, entertainment, or educational purposes at a farm, ranch, or other agricultural, horticultural, or agribusiness operation in order to allow consumers to experience, learn about, and participate in various facets of agricultural industry, culinary pursuits, natural resources, and heritage (Colorado Agritourism Research Project, 2010). Tew (2010) cited The Agribusiness Development Division of the Missouri Department of Agriculture (2010) defines agritourism as, visiting a working farm or any agricultural, horticultural, or agribusiness operation for the purpose of appreciation, enjoyment, education, or recreational involvement with agricultural, natural or heritage resources Agritourism as an innovative agricultural activity related to tourism and agriculture both in which has capacity to create additional source of income and employment opportunities to the farmers and local communities (Maruti, 2009). Agritourism can be characterized as a business or activity that invites visitors to come on-farm or into a rural community to enjoy agriculture, its produce and the natural environment in which it exists. Agritourism is generally an additional enterprise added to the farm, integrating tourism into agri-business (Porcaro, 2009). An activity, enterprise or business which combines primary elements and characteristics of agriculture and tourism and provides an experience for visitors which stimulates economic activity and impacts both farm and community income (Bruch, 2008). Tourism on a working farm in which visitors can experience a direct connection with the host farm, rural life and/or the local environment. There is not a consistent definition of agritourism in the literature, and it has been used interchangeably with other terms. For example, some studies have previously been synonymously linked to rural tourism, farm tourism, agro-tourism, agricultural tourism and farm based vacation (Seong-woo and Sou-yeon, 2006; Ilbery, 1998; Ilbery, 1991). However, the main idea of all of these definitions is more or less similar. As a whole, agritourism can be explained as an interaction among agricultural producers, visitors, and local residents. Operators (mainly farmers) can earn extra income from the farm, visitors can get real knowledge and experience on farming and local residents can enhance their living slandered in several ways. 3.2.3 Working definition for agritourism in the study For the purpose of this study, agritourism is defined as tourism activities that conduct in working farm and surrounding, for enjoyment, education, recreation of visitors, hoping an additional income for the operator from farm resources in special and sustainable local development in general. This is the working definition for agritourism in this study that is suitable in Sri Lankan context. After having strong theoretical knowledge and practical experience in agritourism sector, this was developed, including considering the main purposes of agritourism visitors, motivation of agritourism operators and expectations of local residents for rural development. Economic, social, environmental dimensions have been included in this definition. 3.2.4 Activities involved in agritourism Normally, agritourism activities are the tourism activities take place in agricultural lands and surrounding rural environments. The number of agritourism activities mainly depends on the size of the farm and nature of the farming activities. These activities are important for the visitors to enjoy and learn agriculture. Blacka et al (2001) has divided agritourism activities in Virginia, into six categories as lodging and camping (bed and breakfast, camp sites, youth camp, farm vacation, weddings and honeymoons), special events and festivals (music festivals, haunted house, holiday celebrations, harvest festivals) Off the farm (farmers markets, roadside produce stands), recreational activities and events (fee fishing, hiking, rock climbing, horseback riding, skeet shooting), tourism related direct marketing (pick your own fruits/vegetables, sell processed food on the farm, sell herbal organic products) an youth and or adult education (Organized tours, agricultural educational program s, demonstrations). Lack (1995) divided agritourism British Colombia, into three groups as retail sales/ direct marketing (goods produced on-site, customer harvested produce and goods produced off-site), Tours (tour of processing facilities, scenic tours and tours of production facilities) and activities (accommodation, cultural activities, recreation and educational or hands on experiences). It is important to include all the possible agritourism activities because it helps to increase the length of stay and satisfaction of the visitors. In European countries, in a farm there are activities for visitors even for several days. However, the number of agritourism activities is lower in Asian countries. Further, activities in agritourism and rural tourism havent clearly categorized yet and most of the time they are used interchangeably. Briefly, a successful agritourism operation should have three aspects. They are the need to have things for visitors to see (educational tours, historical recreations, festivals/special events, crop arts), things for visitors to do (educational activities, petting zoos, hay rides, pick your own) and things for visitors to buy (food and drinks, farm products, souvenirs). Things to see and do are often offered free of charge. But, money can be earned by selling things to the visitors (Adam, 2001). Agritourism can be used as primary, supplementary or complementary enterprise. As a primary enterprise, agritourism would be the main activity in the farm. Agritourism could be a minor activity in supplementary enterprises and it would share equal footing in complementary enterprises (Blacka et al., 2001).Agritourism can consist of different alternatives such as temporary attraction or special event, part of a large agriculture-oriented destination, part of a huge non-agriculture-oriented des tination, and full agritourism operation. Different forms of agritourism business Farmers can incorporate agritourism activities to their farms in various ways according to the situation. Three possible ways are; as a supplementary, complementary or primary enterprise. To fulfill the final objective of agrotourism; farmer must think creatively and arrange it properly. (Mnguni, 2010). Supplementary enterprise In a supplementary enterprise, agritourism is a minor activity that would help the other products on the farm. For example, if the primary enterprise is crop production, educational and training programs can be introduced with marketing facility of value added crop products. Complementary enterprise In a complementary enterprise, agritourism activities have equal share with other enterprises in the farm product mix. For instance, if there is a grapes production enterprise on the farm, it the farmer wants to sell half of the grapes to a whole seller and the remainder to pick-your-own operations for visitors on the farm, then the two enterprises would be complementary enterprises. The primary enterprise In the primary enterprise, agritourism would be the major activity on the farm. For example, if a farmer hopes to begin a winery in the farm. He will definitely invite guests to have that experience by tasting the product. As a part of that package, he can offer an overnight accommodation in a cottage which is in the farm. And also the farmer can produce grapes in his own farm and use them to wine tasting activities. Here agritourism is the main part of the farm product mix and it becomes the primary enterprise (Bernardo, Valentin and Leatherman, 2007; Blacka, et al, 2001). Link the relevant sections with chapter 2 3.2.5 Issues and challenges of agritourism development As agritourism is a business activity, lots of requirements are essential for the successfulness of it. However, as agritourism it is conduct mainly in rural areas by farmers, presence of several issues and challenges is a common phenomenon. For example, a study by Lack (1995) in British Colombia, has discovered that, lack of training, marketing knowledge, quality control, finance, appropriate insurance, excessive regulations, personal challenges for farm families, conflict with primary agricultural production, distance from markets, infrastructure limitations and farm disease are the challenges of agritourism development in that country. Agritourism in Nova Scotia has some obstacles. Many agritourism operators face the problem of lack of assistance and the knowledge required to produce market-ready products as Nova Scotia Tourism. Culture is reluctant to include and to enhance agritourism in their marketing campaigns. This lack of support hinders the development of agritourism produ cts and services resulting poorly developed and marketed products by farmers. So, farmers could not develop many skills required to operate an effective tourism business (Colton and Bissix, 2005). A study in Haryana, India has reported that the Lack of funds for publicity and advertisement, less number of visitors, Lack of technology to develop farm tourism, lack of motivation of farmers, inadequate price for farm products/activities as major constraints in establishing agritourism (Shehrawat, 2009). In Sri Lanka, issues and challenges in agritourism are small size farm lands, lack of required skills for the operators, poor level of processing of agricultural products, low level of publicity and promotion are the significant factors. Furthermore, lack of visitors, environmental pollution, poor condition on infrastructure, are the common problems for all the operators (Malkanthi and Routray, 2011b). Although there are few differences, most of the issues and challenges are common for many countries. As issues and challenges are negatively affect for the growth of the sector, finding solutions is utmost important. Global warming is one of the prominent environmental issues and mass tourism has negative impacts on the environment. In mass tourism, large number of people gather to a same place and enjoy the tourism. Mass tourism indicates that the holiday is standardized, packaged rigidly and nonflexible. Due to the negative impacts of mass tourism, people have started to concern about the quality of the environment and the future of the tourism industry and also due to that has begun to focus on alternative forms of tourism. (Mairesse, 2007/2008) By showing importance of reality the rural environment reveals itself as an exceptional because it is far from the standard large-scale hotel chains. Rural Tourism needs a help for rural development without trespassing limits, an unseen entrance. Currently the issue of rural tourism is its sustainability. Only from the sustainable tourism can have an area of authentic countryside existence. Rural Tourism development should be totally different from the seaside tourism development which builds artificial villages and big holiday resorts without any identity. Currently the coastal lines have destroyed because the rural spaces are exceeding by urbanization. (Randelli, Romei, Tortora, Mossello, 2011) 3.2.6 Sustainability in agritourism operations Through Sustainable tourism development it is expected to protect and enhance the future opportunities while fulfilling the needs of current tourists and host regions. It is further explained as managing resources as fulfilling the economic, social, aesthetic needs, while maintaining cultural truthfulness, vital ecological processes, bio diversity and life carry systems (World Tourism Organization, 1999) Therefore, for long term sustainability, should have proper balance between environmental, economic, and socio-cultural aspects which is also known as principles aspects of Agro tourism development. Same as other tourism destinations, sustainability of agritourism destinations are very important in long run. Although most of the destinations that are feasible in short run, face difficulties in survival in long run. So, economic feasibility, social acceptability and environmental friendliness of tourism operations are equally applicable to agritourism as well. World Tourism Organization (2001) ,defines sustainable development as convene the requirement of present tourists and host regions as caring and improving opportunity for prospect. Its management of resources satisfies in way of economical, social and aesthetic needs satisfying while maintaining cultural integrity necessary for ecological processes, biological diversity and existence support system. Markandya, et.al, (2003) have reported that the three main linkages among tourism and sustainable development are economic, social and environmental. Given tourisms importance in the global challenges of climate change and poverty reduction, there is a need to urgently adopt a range of policies which encourages truly sustainable tourism that reflects a quadruple bottom line of environmental, social, economic and climate responsiveness. (Sharpley, 2009) Tourism can kill itself if we mismanage the tourism activities and places (Yalcin Kuwan and Perran Akan, 2001). Unspoiled natural environment is an asset of the industry. It will create the competitive advantage to the industry (Cater, 1993). The implementation and success of policies of sustainability, in employing tourism income to support social and cultural development and wild life conservation, require strategy framework which guides tourism development in a balanced and coherent way (Hall, 1998). Agritourism focus for increasing rural vitality and stimulating new economic opportunities through the diversification of farm operations and increased revenue on-site and near the operations (Geisler, 2008; Jensen, Lindborg, English, Menard. 2006). As a means to support the growth and development of the agritourism industry, Extension education can aid in the necessary programming for and education of community leaders and business operators. (Norby, Retallick, 2007) For sustainable Agritourism operations should minimize the environmental impacts by considering both local and global environmental impacts.Deforestation, water and air pollution etc should be minimized. And also through Agritourism can minimize the damage by conserving natural areas, habitats and wild life. One of the best ways of reaching to sustainability is through achieving a clear sense of difference from other competing destinations. By using local history, industry, culture, lifestyle and natural resources attraction can be done genuinely. And the operations should be done by representing the past, present and future aspirations of the local community as reflecting the values of the community.With proper understanding of target market can offer the products and services with added values.Agritourism is a kind of an operation which provides mutual benefits for visitors and hosts while acting as a economic and community development tool. Ultimately, good tourism businesses get involved with the community and collaborate with other businesses and stakeholders and help to build local capacity. Enhancing the production can be done through combination of agricultural and non-agricultural options. Increasing the productivity of labor, risk reducing and improving assets can be done through diversification. Linkages between the countryside, towns and cities can augment productivity and sustainability of production by creating employment, revenue and investment. Finance and investment involves the way of mobilization of resources from taxation, central government, the private sector, foreign direct investment and remittances from abroad. It also includes how resources are invested. Through proper strategic, Agro-Tourism could bring lot of advantages to the society. It could be a sustainable revenue producing product for rural market and can help inflow to resources from urban to the rural economy. It can avoid moving of rural people to urban. By using this particular form of rural tourism, it is feasible to fully discover the untapped potential of rural market. Both short term and long term preparation, implementing and monitoring are very important in avoiding harm to rural areas. Environmental management, local involvement, sound legislation, sustainable marketing and realistic planning are essential for Agro-Tourism development. Agro-Tourism is emerging as a vital instrument for sustain human development including poverty reduction, employment production, environmental renewal and development of remote areas and improvement of woman and other underprivileged groups in the country separate from promoting social integration and international consideration. The government should encourage Agro- Tourism to make sustainable economic growth and positive social change. In developing countries tourism has been greatly used for, and linked directly with reduction of rural poverty especially in developing countries. However, the application, and to a degree the principles, of the widely used organizing framework for considering reducing the poverty. Household income sustainability is applied the individual or family level, while tourism sustainability is applied to the industry and destinations at broad, more macro level scales. Economic feasibility As one element of destinations economy, tourism must support a viable economic base. A healthy economy enables a country, region or city to pursue initiatives designed to enhance the quality of its residents (Ritchie and Crouch, 2003). Traditional way of management of tourism destination was rather productive and resource-centered. But since there are limits in adapting to the market, the present strategy is combined supply and market let approach. In this context, management of demand is highly responsible for the sustainable tourism development (Kastenholz, 2004). So, instead of profit maximization of a destination by damaging the environment in short term, now the principle is to obtain the optimum profit. Economic benefits are positively related with the number of visitors. Further arrangement of traditional and cultural events is cost effective with this large number. However, as agritourism is a niche market, socio-culturally and environmentally sustainable, cooperation of cultural activities is very important. Socio-cultural feasibility Tourism operations must be compatible with the existing socio-cultural condition of the area where it is located. It is essential to test the social acceptability of tourism destinations (Gonzalez and Falcon, 2003). There should be a respect for the socio-cultural authenticity of host communities, conserve their built and living cultural heritage and traditional values, and contribute to inter-cultural understanding and tolerance by the tourism operators and especially by outside visitors. Then it is easy to work together by the tourism operators, visitors and the local community. This is a common for agritourism also. Since agritourism is mainly a service industry in rural areas, goodwill and cooperation of local communities are essential to make it successful (Cole, 2006; Knowd, 2006). Agritourism should be able to offer more positive socio-cultural impact than the negative impacts for the local community. This way agritourism can enhance the socio-cultural feasibility. Sharpley (2002) said that socio-cultural growth includes population of remote areas, development and maintenance of public services, renewal of local craft, customs and cultural recognition. Environmental feasibility Tourism destination should less damage to the surrounding environment; especially it should be free from serious environmental pollution activities. So, it should match with environmental rules and regulations and followed by Environment Impact Assessment (United Nations, 1999). However, the literature reveals that little evidence is there regarding environment being considered by farmers, planners and tourism professionals (Kline et al. 2007). Although it is difficult and expensive, agritourism development should follow the sustainable tourism procedures to obtain the real benefits of it forever. However, most of the operators in many countries mainly emphasize only on short term economic advantages without social and environmental benefits. This is the reason for the breakdown of many tourism operations including agritourism, within a short time period. Participatory approach in Agro tourism and rural development The variety mentioned above may be explained by a brief analysis of some of the proposed definitions of participation. With regard to rural development, participation includes peoples involvement in decision-making processes, in implementing programmes, their sharing in the benefits of development programmes and their involvement in efforts to evaluate such programmes (Cohen and Uphof, 1977). Participation is a process through which stakeholders influence and share control over development initiatives and the decisions and resources which affect them (World Bank, 1994). Participation in spatial planning denotes the co-decision capability of the affected citizens and institutions of the civil society in diverse stages of the decision-making process. When some citizens are affected directly, the participation right is assured by law. In many cases, it is optional. But there are good reasons why optional forms of participation are being applied. Areas with an enduring high out-migration, the left over population often tends to act passively. The huge social changes, the harder it is to generate fulfill edged participation through the differences of education, local hierarchy, social position and political direction. Intraregional co-operation can be expected as a market place of potentials. Each of the groups or individuals integrated in the process of contribution brings in some kind of potential formal political power, informal power of opinion ideas, financial means, and ownership of land, contacts or just personal dedication. The position of the individual within the decision-making procedure is hugely determined by the extent to which the specific potential is esteemed according to objective and subjective criteria. Participatory approaches are used in order to start up novel development paths and to interpret ideas and concepts into action. At the commencement, however, the competing behavior of the actors prevails. One temporary goal of participatory approaches is therefore to stress common interests and to help compromises which are not pressed through by local things, but at least suitable to all. Participation typology Type of Participation Some Components and Characteristics Passive Participation People are told what is going to happen or has already happened. Top down, information shared belongs only to external professionals Participation in information giving People answer questions posed by extractive researchers, using surveys etc. People not able to influence the research Participation by consultation People are consulted and external agents listen to their views. Usually externally defined problems and solutions. People not really involved in decision making. Participation as consultation. Participation by material incentives Provision of resources, e.g. labor. Little incentive to participate after the incentives end, for example much farm research, some community forestry. Functional Participation Groups are formed to meet predetermined objectives. Usually done after major project decisions are made, therefore initially dependent on outsiders but may become self dependent and enabling. Participation as organization. Interactive Participation Joint analysis to joint actions. Possible use of new local institutions or strengthening existing ones. Enabling and empowering so people have a stake in maintaining structures or practices. Self-Mobilization Already empowered, take decisions independently of external institutions. May or may not challenge existing inequitable distributions of wealth and power. Participation as empowering (Source: Pimbert and Pretty, 1994). 3.2.7 Government policies in agritourism In general local government is the most important authority in establishing tourism development policies (Perce, 1989). However, the types and the content of its involvement vary from country to country based on the political, economic, and constitutional systems. In many European countries governments have supported the growth of the agritourism sector. There are national policies for the support and development of agritourism in a number of countries for a long time. For instance, in France, state financial aids to support the renovation of redundant farm buildings into accommodation facilities were introduced in 1954. Farms in Italy, Germany and Denmark also have long benefited from national support for the development of tourist facilities (Frater, 1983; Nilsson, 2002). In Britain, Scheme offering financial incentives and advices about diversification, together with partial relaxation of planning restrictions, have facilitated the development of farm-based tourism. The farm diversification Grant Scheme introduced by the ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food in 1988, was one of the first measures offering grants to farmers to help them develop diversification schemes (Walford, 2001). According to Douglas and Douglas, (2001); Fernando, Rebollo and Biadal, (2003), it is important to develop policies in a proactive nature to lay the foundation and capture the development potential of tourism for rural communities. So, the national rural tourism strategy of a country must emphasis on infrastructure development, product development, accreditation and industrial standards, education and training, market analysis and the role of government authorities and industrial leaders in further developing the rural tourism product. Ritchie and Crouch (2003) reported that policy is an important factor which ensures the success of tourism destination. It also creates a friendly environment among stakeholders. Therefore, the main objectives of agritourism policy are to minimize and alleviate negative environmental, social and cultural impacts; optimize revenue for industry and re-invest in conservation; optimize the active involvement of, and equitable distribution of economic benefits to, local communities; educate visitors and citizens about the importance of conserving natural and cultural heritage; promote ethical behavior and responsibilities towards the natural and cultural environment; manage operations such that there are long term benefits to the resource, industry and the local residents; deliver high quality, value-for-money, enlightens and participatory natural resources and culture-based experience for visitors; encourage travel in a spirit of humanity, respect and learning about local hosts, their culture and the natural environment etc. Victorious farm-based tourism mostly depends on policy makers, government officers at the local or countrywide level (Beus and Dunlap, 1993) . Brohma (1996) has clearly explained the importance of government involvement in rural development in his study for the third world development, there are necessary new paths. Though the third world tourism has developed fastly, it has encountered many troubles common to outward-oriented development strategies such as extreme foreign dependency, the formation of separate enclaves, the strengthening of socioeconomic and spatial inequalities, environment destruction and increasing cultural separation. To avoid those troubles, institutional mechanisms require to be formed to give confidence active state and participation of community in tourism planning. Ritchie and Crouch (2003) reported that the following aspects are important as government policies of the sector. Infrastructure policy (Can make destination safer and attractive for the visitors), Local zoning policy/by-laws (Can restrict or encourage tourism facility development), Land use and land assignation, Water resource management, Heritage conservation, Credit facility (granting reduced-interest loans to business and enterprises Affects costs and therefore profitability), Tax and subsidies (Tax concessions for investments, Can affect the growth of the industry negatively and positively and finally for the profitability of the destination), Minimum wage policy (Can affect labor markets), Agricultural policy (Organic farming, Soil conservation), Welfare policy (Can influence the nature and behavior of the work force), Education, extension and Training policy (Can affect the quality of the workforce), Marketing policy, Environmental policy (Limits growth and access to attractiv e but sensiti